Using the metaphor of cooking a steak to its desired level of “doneness,” this article examines the difficulties involved in “cooking” forging billets in induction coils to their most uniform level of completion.

The COVID-19 pandemic took us all by surprise this year. It has affected everyone and every business. A very large portion of manufacturing was shut down in an effort to “flatten the curve,” and even those who remained open have dealt with COVID issues such as employees who are afraid to come to work for fear of being exposed.

Part I of this article considered the technology of measuring temperature through the infrared radiation of a heated metal mass and some of the misconceptions and inaccuracies that may be present in or about the process. This article will explore ways to improve accuracy through proper calibration and to take temperature measurements of highly reflective bodies.

The desired metallurgical properties of forgings are derived from having the right billet temperature when they are forged.