The CEA 144 is a low-cost, wall-mounted, continuous infrared carbon dioxide gas monitor contained in a rugged steel enclosure with digital display.

The second installment of our series will illustrate how modern forging equipment is both controlled and advanced, harnessing the forces of a hammer or a press.

The focus in the first three parts of this series was on the basics of grain flow and their effects on mechanical properties. In this fourth installment, the typical grain flow for various manufacturing processes will be reviewed.

Cerox fired refractory shapes offer resistance to chemical attack from acids, slags and gases to produce a clean, contaminant-free metal for end users in aerospace and automotive steel foundries.

AirForge 4027 is a newly developed protective lubricant for the hot forging of steel and alloys. It delivers outstanding results when metal protection against oxidation, gas diffusion and heat is required.

Forging is not only an enduring industry, but it is also an advanced industry. Despite Western society’s disdain for old and improperly labeled “archaic” metalworking industries (such as foundry or forging), the U.S. forging industry is anything but archaic.

I’ve had some really good days in nearly 25 years as a forging tool and die welder. The die is hot enough, the radio is playing loudly, and the boss is on vacation.

In the first two parts of this series, we examined the basic definition of grain flow and described the anisotropic properties in metals because of it.

Graphite die lubricants had dominated forging applications for centuries. Changing industry needs and the drive toward safer, cleaner shops drove the development of synthetic lubricants.

The mechanical properties of a metal with grain flow are anisotropic.